Editing Constitution of the Republic

{{Short description|Governing document of the Republic}}

The '''Constitution of the Republic''' is the core document which dictates the organization of the [[Government of the Republic]]. The current constitution was [[August 2025 constitutional referendum|ratified]] on August 31, 2025, after being proposed by the [[Provisional Government of the Republic|Provisional Government]] formed after the [[July Days]]. 

== History ==
The history of the Constitution dates back to the origins of the Republic in 2022. While there was not a written constitution at that point, it was agreed that elections would be held every month and that a cabinet would be formed by [[Parliament of the Republic|Parliament]] to govern [[the Republic]]. The Constitution became more formalized in 2024. In December of 2024, the [[December Cabinet II]] reformed the Constitution to create the office of the [[President of the Republic|President]], which would be elected monthly between Parliamentary elections by popular vote with a runoff if no candidate won a majority. In March of 2025, the Constitution was again amended to elect the President every two months concurrently with Parliamentary elections by ranked-choice voting. This iteration of the Constitution lasted until the [[July Days]], when the [[Forward Party]] junta suspended the Constitution and ratified a new one in a [[August 2025 constitutional referendum|referendum]].

== Current constitution ==

=== Constitution of the Republic ===

==== Article I: Organization ====
The Government of the Republic will be organized into 3 branches. The Executive Branch will be made up of the Office of the President. The President will be elected every 2 months using ranked choice voting. The President will have the power to dissolve the National Assembly, appoint the Prime Minister, fire members of the cabinet, and veto legislation passed by Parliament. The executive branch will also include the Cabinet of the Republic. The Cabinet will be tasked with overseeing the day-to-day operations of the Government. The Cabinet will be led by the Prime Minister, who is appointed by the President and chooses cabinet ministers. The Cabinet will be responsible to the National Assembly. Cabinet ministers will be sworn in by the President of the Republic, and new ministries can be created by the National Assembly with a simple majority.

The Legislative Branch will consist of the Parliament of the Republic. The upper house will be the Senate of the Republic. The Senate will have 75 seats, and it will be a non-partisan entity tasked with safeguarding the constitution. Members will be appointed by the previous members of the Senate, and will hold renewable 2 month terms. The Senate has the power to veto legislation it considers unconstitutional with a 2/3rds vote, propose legislation to the National Assembly, and dissolve a government with a 2/3rds vote. The lower house will be the Republican National Assembly. The National Assembly gives confidence to governments, and can bring down a government with a vote of no confidence. The National Assembly cannot bring down a government within a week of its formation. The National Assembly will have 251 members elected through proportional representation in 6 constituencies: the Uptime Constituency, the Downtime Constituency, the Consumable Constituency, the Education Constituency, the Labor Constituency, and the Mandatory Constituency. The number of seats elected by each constituency will be determined the week before an election by counting the amount of time each constituency has used. Time will be allotted to each constituency by the government. There will be a 5% threshold for parties to win seats in each constituency. If parties win 5% nationwide, they will be given seats in every constituency, even if they did not pass 5% in some constituencies. There will be a separate threshold of 7% for lists of 2 parties, 9% for lists of 3 parties, and 10% for lists of 4 or more parties. The National Assembly will have the power to pass legislation, impeach the President or individual cabinet minister with a 2/3rds majority, overturn a veto by the President with a 2/3rds majority, and overturn a veto by the Senate with a 3/4ths majority. 

The Constitutional Court will be the supreme constitutional authority of the Republic. Its members will be appointed by a special committee consisting of representatives of all sectors of government, the [[Republican Guard]], and independent experts. The [[Constitutional Court of the Republic|Constitutional Court]] has the authority to overturn legislation and make judicial orders. Orders of the Constitutional Court will be enforced by the Republican Guard.

==== Article II: Rights, Freedoms, and Limitations ====
Freedom of Speech and Political Assembly will be guaranteed. A liberal democratic system and open society will also be guaranteed. During emergency situations, the President may suspend the constitution with the approval of the Constitutional Court.

==== Article III: Elections ====
Elections will be organized by Elections Moldova, which is to be an independent agency free from the interference of any other branches, with members of the Elections Moldova executive board appointed by the President and approved by both houses of Parliament and the Constitutional Court for 3 month terms. Elections Moldova will be in charge of allocating constituencies daily, with the government giving advice, and then allocating votes based on the previous week’s use of constituencies, with consideration given to extenuating circumstances which might cause constituencies to be sized differently in the past week. Elections Moldova can allocate voting power differently in case of special circumstances. Any allocation not based directly on the previous week must be approved by the constitutional court.

There will be six constituencies: The Uptime Constituency, the Downtime Constituency, the Consumable Constituency, the Education Constituency, the Labor Constituency, and the Mandatory Constituency.

The President of the Republic will be elected to a two month term. In case of impeachment or resignation, the Senate will appoint a provisional non-partisan president who will serve until the next parliamentary election, at which point a new presidential election will be held. Voting will be based on constituencies.

The National Assembly will be elected every month. Snap elections may be held on the first available Sunday, as long as at least 5 days have passed since the vote of no confidence or dissolution of the Assembly.

==== Article IV: Constitutional amendments ====
The Constitution may be amended with a 2/3rds vote by the National Assembly and the approval of the Senate, Constitutional Court, and President. If an amendment is approved by these bodies, the President can put it forth to a vote by the people during the next election.<ref>Docsdotky master document</ref>

== Previous Constitution ==

=== Constitution of the Republic ===

==== Article I: Organization ====
The government of the Republic shall be made up of the Parliament of the Republic and the Cabinet. The parliament will be elected every month by proportional representation with a 10% threshold. The Prime Minister will be appointed by Parliament and choose the cabinet. The Parliament can dissolve the cabinet and call new elections with a vote of no confidence, making the cabinet an acting cabinet. The Prime Minister can also call new elections.

==== Article II: Rights and freedoms ====
All citizens of the Republic shall be guaranteed the freedom of speech, freedom of press, and freedom of assembly. In addition, a liberal democratic system with monthly elections shall also be guaranteed.

==== Article III: Amending the Constitution ====
The Constitution may be amended by the Parliament with a 2/3rds majority, with the approval of the Prime Minister.

==== Amendment I: Establishment of the Office of the President of the Republic<ref group="lower-alpha">Amendment enacted in  December of 2024</ref> ====
The Office of the President of the Republic shall be established. The President will be the head of state of the Republic, and will be elected each month by the people. The winner of the election must win at least 50% of the vote. If no candidate wins 50% of the vote, there will be a second round including the top two candidates. The President shall be elected in the middle of the month, between Parliamentary elections.

==== Amendment II: Modifications to the process of elections<ref group="lower-alpha">Amendment enacted in March of 2025</ref> ====
The President of the Republic shall be elected every two months, concurrently with Parliamentary elections, which shall happen monthly. Elections shall be held on the first Sunday between the 10th and 20th days of the month. The President of the Republic shall be elected by ranked-choice voting. Voters will rank each candidate, and the bottom performing candidates will have their votes redistributed until  a candidate has won at least 50% of the vote.

== Notes ==
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== References ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:General information]]
@@ Line 45: / Line 45: @@
 The Constitution may be amended by the Parliament with a 2/3rds majority, with the approval of the Prime Minister.
-==== Amendment I: Establishment of the Office of the President of the Republic ====
+==== Amendment I: Establishment of the Office of the President of the Republic<ref group="lower-alpha">Amendment enacted in  December of 2024</ref> ====
-The Office of the President of the Republic shall be established. The President will be the head of state of the Republic, and will be elected each month by the people. The winner of the election must win at least 50% of the vote. If no candidate wins 50% of the vote, there will be a second round including the top two candidates. The President shall be elected in the middle of the month, between Parliamentary elections.<ref group="lower-alpha">Amendment enacted in  December of 2024</ref>
+The Office of the President of the Republic shall be established. The President will be the head of state of the Republic, and will be elected each month by the people. The winner of the election must win at least 50% of the vote. If no candidate wins 50% of the vote, there will be a second round including the top two candidates. The President shall be elected in the middle of the month, between Parliamentary elections.
-==== Amendment II: Modifications to the process of elections ====
+==== Amendment II: Modifications to the process of elections<ref group="lower-alpha">Amendment enacted in March of 2025</ref> ====
-The President of the Republic shall be elected every two months, concurrently with Parliamentary elections, which shall happen monthly. Elections shall be held on the first Sunday between the 10th and 20th days of the month. The President of the Republic shall be elected by ranked-choice voting. Voters will rank each candidate, and the bottom performing candidates will have their votes redistributed until  a candidate has won at least 50% of the vote. The parliament shall consist of 251 seats elected by proportional representation with a 5% threshold.<ref group="lower-alpha">Amendment enacted in March of 2025</ref>
+The President of the Republic shall be elected every two months, concurrently with Parliamentary elections, which shall happen monthly. Elections shall be held on the first Sunday between the 10th and 20th days of the month. The President of the Republic shall be elected by ranked-choice voting. Voters will rank each candidate, and the bottom performing candidates will have their votes redistributed until  a candidate has won at least 50% of the vote.
-===== Amendment III: Modifications to the electoral threshold =====
-The 251 seats in the Parliament shall be elected by proportional representation. There will be a 5% threshold for individual parties, a 7% threshold for coalitions of two parties, a 9% threshold for coalitions of three parties, and a 10% threshold for coalitions of four or more parties.{{Efn|text=Amendment enacted in April of 2025|group=lower-alpha}}
 == Notes ==